How mining pools turn a lottery into a paycheck: share accounting, the PPS, PPLNS, FPPS and solo payout schemes, fees and thresholds, and what pool concentration means for the network.
A mining pool combines many miners' hashrate so that rewards arrive as a steady income rather than a rare jackpot. What differs between pools is who absorbs the variance, what that costs, and who decides which transactions go into a block.
A mining pool pools hashrate so that block rewards arrive as small, regular payments instead of a rare jackpot. The scheme a pool uses to split those rewards, PPS, FPPS or PPLNS, decides who carries the risk of a slow week and how much the pool keeps.